Author: THE CONVERSATION

By THE CONVERSATION The rise of digital fraud in West Africa, particularly in Ghana and Nigeria, has given birth to “hustle kingdoms” – informal academies training individuals in carrying out digital scams. Originating from online scammers themselves, these academies operate online and offline, producing graduates skilled in various scams like online romance fraud and business email compromise. These academies, previously known as “business centres” in the 1980s, have now transformed into global threats, leveraging skills to fuel widespread fraud. Perpetrators often justify their actions as seeking restitution for historical injustices, using supernatural strategies like “juju magic” to manipulate victims. As…

By THE CONVERSATION Fitch recently warned about the rapid spread of mpox virus in sub-Saharan Africa and the fiscal pressures it may add to the region. With the outbreak declared a health emergency by Africa CDC and WHO, concerns are raised about the impact on government finances.Several countries in the region have confirmed mpox cases, leading to caution from Fitch about potential under-reporting and further outbreak acceleration. However, there are debates on the necessity and potential bias in the alarm raised by rating agencies.Research shows discrepancies in how African countries are rated compared to Western counterparts, leading to the proposal…

By THE CONVERSATION Kenya has shown leadership in facilitating the movement of people in East Africa and protecting Kenyan emigrants abroad. Despite this, there are gaps in its domestic immigration and employment policies. In 2023, Kenya improved its ranking in the Africa Visa Openness Index, reflecting its efforts to be more open to visitors from other African countries. However, this does not fully capture Kenya’s regional integration efforts. Kenya, through organizations like the East African Community and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, has promoted regional stability and the movement of people. It has harmonized policies with neighbors, invested in infrastructure,…

By THE CONVERSATION The United Nations Security Council unanimously voted to extend the mandate of the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (Atmis) to continue supporting the fight against al-Shabaab. Despite recent government successes, the terrorist group remains a formidable force in Somalia. Al-Shabaab’s resilience and strength can be attributed to factors like illegal taxation, protection offered to locals, communal rivalries, weaknesses in the Somali army, and the existence of safe areas. What next? The current situation in Somalia indicates a stalemate in efforts to defeat al-Shabaab, with weaknesses in both western and local strategies. The key to overcoming the…

By THE CONVERSATION The complex relationship between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been under increasing scrutiny recently. A UN report revealed alleged support from Ugandan officials to the M23 rebel group, reigniting tensions in Eastern DRC that date back to 2013. The report claimed Uganda was allowing M23 activities on its territory, highlighting economic, political, and security interests at play.Ultimately, Uganda is challenged with balancing its economic investments in the DRC’s natural resources, political stability, and regional security concerns. This delicate balance is further complicated by competition with Rwanda over shared economic interests in the region…

By THE CONVERSATION The conflict in Sudan between the army and the Rapid Support Forces is deep-rooted and devastating. The battle for El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur, is symbolic of the larger issues of urban governance, ethnic identity, and access to resources. Tens of thousands have died, leading to a major humanitarian crisis. El Fasher, once a cultural and religious hub, faces an uncertain future as the Rapid Support Forces tighten their grip, causing shortages and displacing residents.Amidst allegations of ethnic cleansing, urban planning could have played a crucial role in preventing the current crisis. Resilient infrastructure and…

Youth Citizenship in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities Youth aged 18-35 make up two-thirds of Africa’s population, expected to reach 75% by 2030. In a context of urbanization, unemployment, and poor state services, young people are increasingly politically involved. Citizenship goes beyond legal recognition, encompassing multifaceted identities shaped by actions that foster a sense of belonging. A recent study in Ghana, Uganda, and Tanzania explores how urban youth perceive citizenship amid economic inequality and democratic progress. Youth see citizenship as an active identity rooted in social practices, not limited to voting or protesting. They engage in community projects, uphold moral values,…

By THE CONVERSATION The global military landscape is dominated by the United States and China, accounting for almost half of global military expenditure. In 2023, global military spending rose to $2.4 trillion, with Africa seeing a significant 22% increase in military spending. The Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan led the world in year-on-year spending hikes. While investments in defense are crucial for security and stability, they can divert resources from essential areas like education and healthcare. This trade-off can hinder development and perpetuate instability. Additionally, increased military spending may give rise to political challenges, with the potential for…

By THE CONVERSATION The African National Congress (ANC) has transitioned from a liberation movement to just another political party following its poor performance in the 2024 elections, winning only 40 percent of the national vote. This shift is indicative of the ANC’s loss of the status of being the sole representative of “the people”. Various factions have emerged over the years, challenging the ANC’s dominance, such as Julius Malema’s Economic Freedom Fighters and Jacob Zuma’s uMkhonto we Sizwe Party. The ANC’s historical significance dates back to its foundation in 1912, leading the struggle against apartheid and ultimately claiming victory in…

By THE CONVERSATION A tragic helicopter crash in Iran involving President Ebrahim Raisi and other officials on May 19 led to a rescue operation that ultimately resulted in no survivors. As a respected figure in Iranian politics, Raisi’s death will undoubtedly impact the country’s stability and future. But who was Raisi, and what does his passing mean for Iran and beyond? Who was Ebrahim Raisi? Raisi rose through Iran’s judicial system, gaining notoriety for his role in imposing capital punishment on thousands of detainees in the late 1980s. Despite denying his involvement in the executions, Raisi held prominent positions within…