Author: Naoko Kumagai

In the United States, the transformation of liberalism has led to increased polarization, which in turn has contributed to social divisions and a decline in democratic values. This shift has also impacted Washington’s foreign policy, leading to a more self-centered approach and a weakening of efforts towards multilateralism. As a result, authoritarianism has seen a resurgence, threatening the liberal international order. Liberalism, at its core, values individual dignity and autonomy as universal rights that should be respected and upheld. In Japan, liberalism is often associated with a center-left political stance that supports government intervention. However, the concept of liberalism goes…