A study published in the journal Science reveals the genomic journey of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, highlighting how it became a major threat over the past 200 years. Originating from harmless microbes, P. aeruginosa is now a high-priority pathogen due to its antibiotic resistance and widespread presence, causing over 500,000 deaths annually. The research unveils how epidemic clones of the bacteria emerged around 1890, with 21 clones responsible for more than half of all infections. The expansion of these clones was fueled by air pollution, urbanization, and overpopulation.
The bacteria have evolved to infect individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with cystic fibrosis, by exploiting immunological defects. Researchers found a genetic mechanism that allows P. aeruginosa to survive within immune cells. This study sheds light on how the bacteria adapt, evolve, and resist antibiotics, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and prevention to curb their spread.
Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to developing effective therapies and strategies to combat P. aeruginosa. The study underscores the need for global surveillance to prevent the emergence of more virulent clones and protect at-risk populations.
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