The United States is facing its first death this year from a rare mosquito-borne virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), also known as “Triple E”. The virus attacks the central nervous system and can cause brain inflammation. Though rare in humans, EEE has a 30% mortality rate and can lead to long-term neurological problems even in survivors.
Where is the virus found?
EEE is primarily found in North America and the Caribbean, with human cases concentrated in the eastern and Gulf Coast states. The main carrier, the black-tailed mosquito, thrives in hardwood swamps.
How does the virus spread?
The virus circulates in birds that are bitten by infected mosquitoes, which then spread the virus to mammals like humans and horses. Black-tailed mosquitoes are the most common carriers.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms in humans include fever, headache, vomiting, seizures, and brain swelling. Diagnosis involves observing symptoms and testing spinal fluid or blood for the virus.
How many cases are there this year?
There have been five confirmed human cases of EEE in the US in 2024, with one death reported in New Hampshire. Prevention through insect repellents, mosquito control, and avoiding outdoor activities during peak mosquito hours is crucial.
What action are authorities taking?
States are implementing measures like aerial spraying of insecticides and urging residents to avoid outdoor activities during peak mosquito hours.
What other diseases are spread by mosquitoes?
In addition to EEE, the US is also dealing with West Nile virus and dengue fever outbreaks, highlighting the need for increased vigilance and control measures against mosquito-borne illnesses.
Is climate change a factor?
Experts warn that climate change could be lengthening mosquito seasons, increasing the risk of virus transmission. This year’s EEE cases may be linked to environmental factors affected by climate change.
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